Stable Solutions of N-Substituted Aminopolysiloxanes, Their Preparation and Use

ABSTRACT

Stable, low-chloride solutions of hydrosalts of organic acids with cationic N substituted aminopolysiloxanes of the formula (I) in which groups R independently of each other are each benzyl or vinylbenzyl, groups Y are identical or different and Y is an alkoxy or hydroxyl group or 0 1/2 , A is an organic carboxylic acid and 0≦a&lt;2, 0≦b≦1 c≧0.125, 0.125≦(a+b)≦3 and x≧2, which are present substantially in the form of T structural units in a lower alcohol. Preparation takes place from the corresponding hydrochloride salts of the cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes by reaction with NaOH or Na alkoxide or with the sodium salt of the organic carboxylic acid A, precipitation and removal of the NaCl. The solutions are used as adhesion promoters between organic and inorganic surfaces, in connection with the reinforcement of organic polymers with inorganic fillers, glass fibers or metallic particles, or in connection with the coating of Inorganic surfaces with organic polymers, where aminopolysiloxane coat thicknesses of up to 800 nm are achieved.

The present invention relates to stable, low-chloride solutions of hydrosalts of organic acids with cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes, present substantially in the form of T structural units, in a lower alcohol, to the preparation of these solutions, and to their use as adhesion promoters and for coating various substrate materials.

Solutions of organosilane polycondensates and their preparation and use are described in a host of publications.

The promotion of adhesion by functionalized aminopropyltrimethoxysilanes in the coating of metals, copper and iron for example, with polyolefins or epoxy resins is reported in U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,556, EP-A-0 353 766 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,294. Adhesion is promoted on glass surfaces in accordance with EP-A-0 338 128, WO 88/00527, U.S. Pat. No. 4,499,152, U.S. Pat. No. 4,382,991, U.S. Pat. No. 4,330,444, DE-A-28 02 242 and EP-A-0 845 040. Adhesion promoters for oxidic fillers in various organic polymers are described in JP-A-01/259369 and EP-A-0 176 062.

Aqueous formulations of such substances with low concentrations of active substance, below 1%, are described in JP-A-62/243624, U.S. Pat. No. 4,499,152, U.S. Pat. No. 4,382,991, U.S. Pat. No. 4,330,444 and DE-A-28 02 242.

DE-A-26 48 240 describes water-soluble silylalkylamine chlorides which are suitable for use as coupling agents between inorganic substrates.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,818 and EP-A-0 590 270 disclose organosilanes and their poly-condensation products, which are prepared by hydrolyzing a functional aminosilane hydrosalt or by hydrolytically polymerizing an aminosilane with subsequent functionalization by reaction with a functional alkyl halide. The compounds can be formulated as stable aqueous emulsions and used as adhesion promoters between organic and inorganic materials.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,195 discloses compositions for treating porous surfaces to make them water repellent, these compositions being aqueous solutions of a silane coupling agent and an alkyltrialkoxysilane having C₁-C₆ alkyl groups on the silicon atom. The solutions are used for treating substrate materials such as wood, concrete, lime sandstone or other unreactive surfaces of building materials.

EP-A-0 538 551 is directed to emulsions which contain organosilicon compounds and are intended for impregnating inorganic materials, especially building materials. The emulsions comprise water, at least one alkoxysilane with or without oligomers thereof, one or more anionic surfactants, and also silicon-functional surfactants and customary auxiliaries. The surfactant group is introduced into alkylalkoxysilanes in the form of the hydrochloride salt by reaction with the surfactant radical, in the form of the Na alkoxide, in an organic solvent. Stable emulsions are obtained by using high-pressure homogenizers with two passes at pressures of from 8 to 50 MPa and from 10 to 70 MPa, the pressure reduction in the second pressure stage amounting to 20%. Droplet sizes <1 μm are obtained.

At the 39th annual conference of the Institut für verstarkte Kunststoffe/Verbundwerkstoffe [Institute for Reinforced Plastics/Composites] of the Gesellschaft der Kunststoffindustrie [German Plastics Industry Association] from January 16 through 19, 1984, E. P. Plueddemann reported on silanols and siloxanes as coupling agents and primers.

In U.S. Pat. No. 3,734,763 Plueddemann describes cationic unsaturated amino-functional silane coupling agents. (CH₃O)₃Si(CH₂)₃NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ and (CH₃O)₃Si(CH₂)₃NHCH₂CH₂NHCH₂C₆H₄—CH═CH₂ were subjected to controlled hydrolysis. The hydrolysate may undergo partial condensation. The patent describes the reaction of numerous organofunctional amines and aminosilanes with organofunctional alkyl halides in organic solvents. The products can be used as adhesion promoters between organic and inorganic surfaces and also as primers.

It is an object of the present invention to create stable, low-chloride solutions of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes and a process for preparing them.

This object is achieved by means of stable, low-chloride solutions of hydrosalts of organic acids with cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes of the formula (I)

-   -   in which groups R independently of each other are each benzyl or         vinylbenzyl, groups Y are identical or different, and Y is an         alkoxy or hydroxyl group or O_(1/2), A is an organic carboxylic         acid and 0≦a≦2, especially a=0, 1 or 2, 0≦b≦1, especially b=0 or         1, c≧0.125, preferably from 0.25 to 4, more preferably from 0.5         to 2, very preferably from 0.75 to 1.5, especially 1,         0.125≦(a+b)≦3, preferably 0.25≦(a+b)≦2, more preferably         0.5≦(a+b)≦1, and x≧2, preferably from 3 to 20, more preferably         4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 or 12, but which are present substantially in         the form of T structural units of the formula (II)     -   in which the groups R′ are based on the formula         [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃—] and at least one         of the groups R′ satisfies the formula         [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃-].A_(z), z≧1,         preferably 1 or 2, and R, A, a and b are as defined above, in a         lower alcohol.

The object is also achieved by a process for preparing stable, low-chloride solutions of hydrosalts of organic acids with cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes of the formula (I)

-   -   in which groups R independently of each other are each benzyl or         vinylbenzyl, groups Y are identical or different and Y is an         alkoxy or hydroxyl group or O_(1/2), A is an organic carboxylic         acid and 0≦a≦2, 0≦b≦1, c≧0.125 and x≧2, which are present         substantially in the form of T structural units of the formula         (II)     -   in which the groups R′ are based on the formula         [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃—] and at least one         of the groups R′ satisfies the formula         [R_(a)—NH_((2-b))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃-].A_(z), z≧1 and         R, A, a and b are as defined above,         by

-   (i) reacting the corresponding hydrochloride salt, in solution in a     lower alcohol, with NaOH, separating off the precipitated NaCl and     reacting the resultant free amine with the organic acid A; or

-   (ii) reacting the corresponding hydrochloride salt, in solution in a     lower alcohol, with the sodium salt of the organic acid A and     separating off the precipitated NaCl; or

-   (iii) reacting the corresponding hydrochloride salt, in solution in     a lower alcohol, with the sodium alkoxide of the lower alcohol,     separating off the precipitated NaCl and reacting the resultant free     amine with the organic acid A; and

-   (iv) recovering a solution of the hydrosalt of the organic acid A of     the cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxane in the lower alcohol.

The solutions contain <1.0% by weight, preferably <0.5% by weight, of chloride, based on the total weight of the solution.

The amount of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes in the solutions can be from 0.1 to 80% by weight, preferably from 30% to 60%, more preferably 40% to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.

A solution according to the invention may further have an alcohol content of from 14% to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 19% to 99.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.

The components or constituents of a solution here in each case total 100% by weight.

The concentration can be adjusted by removing or adding lower alcohol.

The structure of the compounds of the invention is complex, since they comprise mixtures of siloxanes with T structure and also, where appropriate, with different N substitution.

The degree of oligomerization [x, cf. formula (I)] of the cationic N-substituted amino-polysiloxanes is generally ≧2, in particular between 3 and 20. Three-dimensional structures, such as pyramids or cubes, with degrees of oligomerization of 6, 8, 10 and 12 are particularly preferred; however, corresponding transition forms may also occur and be found.

The products generally contain more than 90% of such T structural units. This is apparent from ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopic analyses.

The distribution of the substituents on the aminic nitrogen atoms can be determined by means of GC/MS analyses.

Surprisingly it has additionally been found that the benzyl group tends toward three-fold substitution but that disubstituted products, with substitution on the primary and secondary amino group, also occur. In the case of substitution with the vinylbenzyl group no threefold substitution was found.

Through the choice of the substituents R and the selected reaction partners and reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, and pH) during the preparation of the cationic aminopolysiloxanes it is possible to control the distribution of the substituents on the available nitrogen atoms and to ensure that substitution takes place not only terminally on the primary amino groups but also on the secondary amino groups.

The preparation of hydrochloride salts of functionalized aminopolysiloxanes by hydrolytic polymerization of an appropriately functionalized aminosilane hydrohalide by hydrolytic polymerization or by hydrolytic polymerization of an aminosilane and subsequent functionalization by reaction of a functional alkyl halide to form oligomeric and polymeric siloxanes is described in EP-A-0 590 270.

In order to ensure substitution on secondary nitrogen atoms, controlled oligomerization is carried out of the organosilane monomer with water, the reaction taking place at elevated temperature, by means of active heating, over a time of at least 2 hours. Suitable stabilizers are used specifically in defined concentrations. This is followed by reaction with sodium methoxide and subsequent neutralization with acid.

The organic acid (A) for forming the hydrosalts is selected from, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof. Acetic acid is particularly preferred.

A solution according to the invention preferably has a pH of less than 10, more preferably a pH of from 6 to 9.

The lower alcohol used even when preparing the hydrochloride salts is preferably also used as solvent for preparing the hydrosalts of organic carboxylic acids according to the invention.

The lower alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, n-butanol and t-butanol and mixtures thereof.

In addition to the stabilization of the cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes by formation of a hydrosalt with an organic carboxylic acid it is possible with advantage to use further stabilizers in amounts of from 0.01% to 6%, preferably from 0.05% to 4%, more preferably from 0.1% to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.

Examples of suitable stabilizers include 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hydroquinone mono-methyl ether, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

The stabilized solutions according to the invention are suitable with advantage for coating different substrate materials, where appropriate following dilution with water.

Thus, for example, from 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably from 2 to 20 parts by weight, of a solution according to the invention, with an active substance content of about 40% by weight in particular, can be mixed with 300 parts by weights of water, the mixture giving rise, advantageously within less than 2 minutes, to a clear preparation which is ready for application.

Substrate materials used may be glass, glass fibers, metals and their oxides, such as aluminum, copper and steel, galvanized surfaces, titanium, zirconium, mixed oxides of titanium and zirconium, silicon, inorganic fillers, such as Al(OH)₃, Mg(OH)₂, mica, Al₂O₃, and synthetic polymers, especially polar and functional polymers, such as polyamide and polyesters, and polar polymers, such as polyolefins, which where appropriate may have been functionalized by physical pretreatment, and natural substances which have corresponding functional groups, such as paper, cotton, silk and leather.

The solutions of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes according to the invention can be used as adhesion promoters between organic and inorganic surfaces. They can also be used in connection with the reinforcement of organic polymers with inorganic fillers, glass fibers or metallic particles or in connection with the reinforcement of organic polymers with inorganic oxidic fillers. They also find use in the coating of inorganic surfaces with organic polymers or in the coating of metal, metal oxides or glass with organic polymers.

Entirely surprisingly it has been found that the T structures break up on application to substrate materials and produce a substantially more homogeneous, and thicker, coat than coats applied from monomeric functionalized silanes.

When using monomeric silanes it is possible to obtain coats of only from 10 to 50 nm, preferably about 20 nm. With the oligomeric aminopolysiloxanes according to the invention, however, coat thicknesses of up to 800 nm, in particular from 20 to 200 nm, are possible.

The coat thicknesses can be determined from the time taken for the coat to wear away under cathode ray atomization.

Without being tied to any one theory it is assumed that a coat is formed from a network in which the organic radicals R have undergone upward orientation and accumulation at the surface of the coat.

This concentration gradient can be determined by means of Auger spectroscopy, measuring the elements Si, O and C.

The invention is illustrated with reference to the following examples, without restriction of its subject-matter.

EXAMPLES

The examples are carried out using 4-necked flasks with a capacity of 1 liter or 2 liters, respectively, fitted in each case with an intensive condenser, stirrer, dropping funnel, thermometer, temperature-regulated oil bath, nitrogen atmosphere, ice-bath cooling and pressure filters or suction filters.

Example 1 Preparation of essentially N′-aminoethyl-N-vinylbenzyl-N-aminopropylpolysiloxane hydroacetate

145 g of N′-aminoethyl-N-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 84.7 g of methanol are mixed. Subsequently 17.5 g of water are added. The reaction mixture is thereafter stirred for 1 hour. The oil bath is set to a temperature of 50° C. When this temperature has been reached 99.5 g of vinylbenzyl chloride are metered in over the course of one hour. The liquid phase reaches a temperature of 64° C. The subsequent reaction time amounts to 2 hours. Subsequently 120.3 g of a 30% strength by weight solution of sodium methoxide in methanol are added rapidly dropwise. The reaction mixture is cooled by means of an ice bath during this dropwise addition. The resultant sodium chloride salt is filtered off on a pressure suction filter. The NaCl is washed with 52 g of methanol. The methanol used for rinsing is combined with the filtrate and stabilized and neutralized with 0.5 g of 4-(tert-butyl)pyrocatechol in solution in 39 g of acetic acid. This gives 500 g of product solution in methanol (100% of theory). 58.5 g of NaCl are isolated. The practical yield of target product amounts to 440 g (88%). Losses arise as a result of contamination of the separated salt. Physical data: pH 7.0 Flash point approx. 11° C. Si content 3.5% by weight Density 0.94 g/ml N content 3.4% by weight Viscosity 19 mPa s Hydrol. chloride 0.34% by weight

Example 2 Preparation of essentially N′-aminoethyl-N-vinylbenzyl-N-aminopropylpolysiloxane hydroacetate

312 g of N′-aminoethyl-N-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 158 g of methanol are mixed. Subsequently 158 g of water are added. The reaction mixture is thereafter stirred for 1 hour. The oil bath is set to a temperature of 50° C. When this temperature has been reached 177 g of vinylbenzyl chloride are metered in over the course of one hour. The liquid phase reaches a temperature of 64° C. The subsequent reaction time amounts to 2 hours. Subsequently 252 g of a 30% strength by weight solution of sodium methoxide in methanol are added rapidly dropwise. The reaction mixture is cooled by means of an ice bath during this dropwise addition. The resultant sodium chloride salt is filtered off on a pressure suction filter. The NaCl is washed with 104 g of methanol. The methanol used for rinsing is combined with the filtrate and stabilized and neutralized with 0.25 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in solution in 88 g of acetic acid. This gives 1000 g of product solution in methanol (100% of theory). 129 g of NaCl are isolated. The practical yield of target product amounts to 940 g (94%). Losses arise as a result of contamination of the separated salt. Physical data: pH 7.0 Flash point approx. 10° C. Si content 3.7% by weight Density 0.944 g/ml N content 3.7% by weight Viscosity 11 mPa s Hydrol. chloride 0.30% by weight 

1. A stable, low-chloride solution which comprises at least one lower alcohol and at least one hydrosalt of organic acids with cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes of the general formula (I)

in which groups R independently of each other are each benzyl or vinylbenzyl, groups Y are identical or different and Y is an alkoxy or hydroxyl group or O_(1/2), A is an organic carboxylic acid and 0≦a≦2, 0≦b≦1, c≧0.125, 0.125≦(a+b)≦3 and x≧2, which are present substantially in the form of T structural units of the formula (II)

in which the groups R′ are based on the formula [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃—] and at least one of the groups R′ satisfies the formula [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃-].A_(z), A, a and b are as defined above.
 2. A stable solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic carboxylic acid A is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
 3. A stable solution as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, n-butanol and t-butanol and mixtures thereof.
 4. A stable solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solution comprises as a further component at least one stabilizer selected from 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and mixtures thereof.
 5. A stable solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 above, wherein the amount of the hydrosalts of organic acids with cationic aminosiloxanes is from 0.1% to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
 6. A stable solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 above, wherein the amount of chloride is <1% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
 7. A stable solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 above, wherein the amount of alcohol is from 14% to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
 8. A stable solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 above, having a pH of less than
 10. 9. A process for preparing a stable, low-chloride solution which comprises at least one lower alcohol and at least one hydrosalt of organic acids with cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes of the general formula (I)

in which groups R independently of each other are each benzyl or vinylbenzyl, groups Y are identical or different and Y is an alkoxy or hydroxyl group or O_(1/2), A is an organic carboxylic acid and 0≦a≦2, 0≦b≦1, c≧0.125, 0.125≦(a+b)≦3 and x≧2, which are present substantially in the form of T structural units of the formula (II)

in which the groups R′ are based on the formula [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃—] and at least one of the groups R′ satisfies the formula [R_(a)—NH_((2-a))(CH₂)₂NH_((1-b))R_(b)—(CH₂)₃-].A_(z), z≧1 and R, A, a and b are as defined above, by (i) reacting a corresponding hydrochloride salt, in solution in a lower alcohol, with NaOH, separating off the precipitated NaCl and reacting the resultant free amine with the organic acid A; or (ii) reacting the corresponding hydrochloride salt, in solution in a lower alcohol, with the sodium salt of the organic acid A and separating off the precipitated NaCl; or (iii) reacting the corresponding hydrochloride salt, in solution in a lower alcohol, with the sodium alkoxide of the lower alcohol, separating off the precipitated NaCl and reacting the resultant free amine with the organic acid A; and (iv) recovering a solution of the hydrosalt of the organic acid A of the cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxane in the lower alcohol.
 10. A process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the organic carboxylic acid A is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
 11. A process as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the lower alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, n-butanol and t-butanol and mixtures thereof.
 12. A process as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein an additional stabilizer, dissolved in the organic acid A and selected from 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and mixtures thereof, is added before step (iv).
 13. A stable, low-chloride solution of hydrosalts of organic acids of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes, obtainable as set forth in any one of claims 9 to 12, having a chloride content of <1% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
 14. The use of a solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and 13 or of a solution of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes, prepared by the process of claims 9 to 12, as an adhesion promoter between organic and inorganic surfaces.
 15. The use of a solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and 13 or of a solution of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes, prepared by the process of claims 9 to 12, in connection with the reinforcement of organic polymers with inorganic fillers, glass fibers or metallic particles.
 16. The use of a solution as claimed in claim 14 in connection with the reinforcement of organic polymers with inorganic oxidic fillers.
 17. The use of a solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and 13 or of a solution of cationic N-substituted aminopolysiloxanes, prepared by the process of claims 9 to 12, in connection with the coating of inorganic surfaces with organic polymers.
 18. The use as claimed in claim 17 in connection with the coating of metal, metal oxides or glass with organic polymers.
 19. The use as claimed in claims 16 and 17, wherein N-substituted aminopolysiloxane coat thicknesses of >20 to 800 nm are formed. 